Scrolls were the first form of editable record keeping texts, used first in Eastern Mediterranean and ancient Egyptian civilizations. The first use of scrolls in the recordings of literature date back to the parchment scroll used by Israelites after Sinai, before the codex or bound book with pages was invented by the Latins in the first century CE to differentiate their usage from that of the Judeans who were recently conquered. In Roman usage the scrolls were written latitudinally, usually placed on podiums with roll holders from which the rolls were unwound. The Romans eventually found the scroll too cumbersome for lengthy works and developed the codex, which influenced the modern book.
http://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/scroll/scrollcodex.html
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